The early days, the party and the country faces a major contradiction: the more than three million members, about seventy percent are illiterate. In addition to join the revolution before the founding of the few intellectuals hold high-level party and government power In addition, some local and grassroots leaders are mostly less educated workers and peasants government awareness, or make some good arguments skewer ills. This highlighted the performance of leading cadres of the three prevalent wind, the bureaucracy, sectarianism, subjectivism, with the democratic aspirations of the intellectuals of the conflicts. seriously study these looking for way of life, in the face of the Red Army, the Eighth Route Army New Fourth Army, the PLA, they participated. Some of them, always had good moral character, in the revolutionary struggle by the exercise and test the party's education in the rapidly grow up. Jianguo, naturally became a leader in the local and grass-roots cadres, and even become the central leaders of the individual. They close ties with the masses, and intellectual equality, no jealousy, fear no more than their own. but there are considerable number of people, a strong small-peasant mentality, selfishness heavier in the revolutionary transformation of the road is not yet seriously thought, just because fighting bravely, but also learn a little culture, he was promoted to leading positions. They think have to take the world, enjoy the world . Comrades of the executioner, only because good opportunistic use of inner-party struggle loophole, was promoted to leading positions. they came to power, leading scraping rectification carried out in 1957 to address the solve the system, and to spearhead his own, they think that changed to not to mention the years of Mao Zedong, Mao trying to shift the cynical and self-assertive defense language only! Mao Zedong made the rapid decision-making anti-rightist Good criticism early on to mention the masses, especially disaffected intellectuals who, in rectifying the right , as it! anti-rightist struggle, Mao Zedong also found that the error of their dissatisfaction with the party responsible for the leftist cadres, and even some central leaders, should ever be against ; Spirit , anti, bad pull together, what do not need to tell the truth, you will be immediately surrendered. against also have clothes, why did not you taking the capitalist road it! This is the on the issue of class struggle in a major error, is not only the class of this understanding into a mechanical problem, but the distortion of the Marxist class theory to combat all the people he hated the most convenient, easiest, fastest and most effective means. not only those who have been the whole object must be honest and not talk nonsense tamper with, that is, those with similar views and opinions of the people, but also to be speechless, did not dare to. that to the important issues of the leader of one person, to obey leaders who formed a cadres of the mood, with organizing principle, undermine the social and political life of the legal system is the international communist movement in some of the drawbacks associated with, but also a long period of revolutionary war with Communist China are directly related to the environment. People know that in 1903 the first Russian Social Democratic Labour Party Second Congress, Lenin, Martov with the organizational principles of the party engaged in a fierce debate on. In Lenin's view, if the Russian working class, working class political parties such as political parties,UGGs, like those in Western Europe at that time, the organization is very loose, it only Parliament can be legitimate struggle, which in Tsarist autocracy in Russia is completely unworkable. Lenin believed that the proletariat must implement centralized system. Martov and the working class is applied to Western European countries, the organizing principle of political parties, as long as the is the support socialism, they will be to prove this point. But Lenin's view is flawed, that the neglect of inner-party democracy. At the time, worked with Bernstein, Lenin and a revisionist of the German opposition Social Democratic Party of Luxembourg said the important activist, working class political parties in the managed to prevent missteps. The. Soon after, Lenin in his proposed Social Democratic Labor Party to achieve the Fourth Congress of the formal unity. But on the eve of the October Revolution, Lenin proposed when the Bolsheviks renamed the Communist Party said, will use the word democracy, the Communist Party body, is not correct , by the then Central Politburo. in a brutal revolutionary struggle, the Chinese Communists to form a high degree of constitutive and iron discipline. It is this fine tradition of style, a magic weapon for overcoming domestic and foreign enemies. ( )
perfect world, there is no absolute thing, there is no absolutely correct principles. This high level of organization and discipline, but also flawed, and this is in the paradox. If an organization, a party's decision is wrong, you do not obey it? open for expansion, ? This is an extremely complex and extremely difficult problem, but could not find a people so far without any contradiction, a satisfactory answer. and then expanded to open it, he has always believed he ;, but natural science is indisputably the only specified the Earth for human life irreconcilable conflict, and human preferred to retain this group oxymoron. about how to solve this paradox of modern physics and modern mathematical logic of some of the results, may give people some inspiration. Einstein made in the special theory of relativity proposed the the. measured object for the observer of time and space, with dependence. when the Albert Einstein proposed general relativity's distribution of matter; different spatial and temporal coordinates. As there is no cosmological model which is superior to all contradictions can be eliminated, as physics does not destined to inertial coordinate system is superior than the other. Einstein's general relativity principle, shows an important methodological principle: people understand the environment, conditions are different, relatively independent of subject and object independent contact in different ways, that is set when the main observation of the object of reference is different as the objects the object as the observer for the subject, the will show a different nature, and therefore, the judge made subject to the object will be different. (refer to my article , in physical quantities, in the determination of the process appeared inconsistent. such as micro-particle position and momentum can not be accurately determined on, the more accurate determination of particle location, particle momentum determination was more inaccurate. the leader of Bohr in Copenhagen School When upgrading to this theoretical principle, and Newton made a quite different view of the linear causal concept of linear causality. He pointed out that the interpretation of microscopic phenomena exist in paradox is inevitable, because no matter on the particle movement space-time description and causal description of fluctuations and particle image is the image, or to two conjugate quantities, for two different experimental arrangements, such as their synthesis of a logical contradiction. to Go? the philosophical mind of physics proposed the famous master of Completeness requires that; in the use of part of the classical concepts, while the other part will be the classic concept of exclusion, but the concept of exclusion is in another physical phenomenon under the conditions that are indispensable, we can see between these classical concepts, is not absolutely incompatible, and can complement each other. that the subsequent development of physics, the so-called heat), even in people's thought processes is also demonstrated. An interesting phenomenon is that in the orthodox interpretation of quantum mechanics, the issue of completeness, with more than twenty years-long debate Bohr Einstein, but in thinking methods consistent with the opponents place. The master of science in his later years very seriously, he would prefer a system in accordance with the meaning of his scientific ideas to explain the content, while those who reject what his system is not suitable. view, invention (not something from the experience in a logically derived) such, he, as an idealist; to him that his concepts and theories of sensory experience that only they provide a logical relationship between the extent that can be tenable such, he is like a positivist; to his view that the logical simplicity of his work is indispensable in terms of effective tools, he can even as a Platonist or a complete up to Ge Lasi advocates. The divergence of the tenth century and more to the thinking style of thinking. mathematical logician and philosopher Bertrand Russell in the seventeenth century English philosopher John Locke talked about the kind of thoughtful words: (second volume History of Western Philosophy, The Commercial Press, 1976 p. 143) This is his friend, the Austrian-American mathematical logician Kurt G?del (Godel) the and Completeness, can not co-existence. It seems that in the transformation of the specific time and space, the transition from one principle to another principle. ()
is not difficult to see that when would inevitably produce a political leader of worship and the cult of personality, true that under certain conditions, will bring confidence and strength, and has played out in the revolutionary struggle, a significant effect, but the negativity will gradually emerge. the party's cadres and Party members have such a psychological: for the party's cause, we must listen to the organization, listen to the leaders, listen to leaders. Zunyi Meeting in fact established in the leadership of Mao Zedong, people listen more to the words of Mao Zedong as the To listen to the party, and listen to the party, is absolutely wrong. into the city later, this social psychology continues. Lushan in 1959, during the meeting, an upright member of Tao Zhu said the central passage is able to represent the people's minds: Unlike in the past have had it, to respect the party's organizational principles and the cadres, the democratic rights of Party members, but rather in the further expansion of the power up, even after the failure of his Great Leap Forward, do self-criticism, also failed to shake his position. the economic situation improved slightly, his right again, huh Plenary Session, free to Tan Zheng Xi, and the two leaders labeled as had requested the Ministry of Culture was renamed the So, people have to follow him to do, so tomorrow, he said, people would not have to follow him do that. campaign began shortly, in addition to the military system, all regions and sectors of the party overall standstill, members pay membership dues even places are gone. the party's organizing principle is destroyed it demonstrated, was deprived of democratic rights of Party members running out. The report, decide whether to approve the Politburo's decision. In this case, he will be able to meet with Egyptian Vice President in the non-sand, the outspoken, with impunity to the feudal autocratic tyrant emperor himself! This not only makes the Lin Biao Jiang Qing and other bad match up, and the name of his banner, damage the party harm the country, but also make some decent people in such as Zhou Enlai, Deng Xiaoping, Yao-help and others, have always tried to figure out his psychological, to the extent possible for the party and people do good things. Chou En-lai in the ; walking a fine line, Revisionist (then with the red devil) Chen Pixian still behind bars, he sent word to Chen wrote directly to Mao, told him that he will begin to miss Mao Zedong said, obtained after the talk about work, were released soon, and later arranged the work. ()
both inner-party democracy has been so severely damaged, the entire social life will be almost non-existent democracy. Zedong in his later years rarely spoke about the same period of democratic revolution the struggle against the Kuomintang reactionaries often talk about , posters, great debates, is accompanied by the so-called Liu's led by Jiang Qing, overwhelming slander, mental torture, physical persecution, but not a single word of criticism of Mao Zedong and the leftist line. If critics would stand by criticized Mao's errors, he was killed organs of dictatorship, Lin Zhao, Yu Luoke, Zhang Zhixin case in point. As for free, it is more the question. contemporary famous master of neo-liberalism Hayek In a text, the history of ancient Greece from The View of freedom, the critically interpret the modern British Whig View of Freedom and the French Enlightenment's view of freedom, until the assessment of the modern Western world view of popular freedom. from the history to the reality of the inspection, interpretation and comment, he only worried about liberal principles of democracy is to survive. mobilized the masses, issued a above, there are these four people: first, a vehement revolutionary obsession, determined to follow Mao Zedong, the revolutionary cause in the end, into the absolute idealism and sincere worship of Mao. First, usually to some leading cadres less bureaucracy, criticism by some improper and unfair treatment, the opportunity to participate in some sort of advantage, especially in the chaos to win personal power. One poor quality, normally an excuse to persecute people everywhere, to the detriment of others for the pleasure, the name of made some , in the good and the protection of state property. can be seen not so much the his later years was seriously distorted. Mao Zedong in his later years on the failure of political philosophy, his moral character is directly linked to the defect on the. ()
(c) moral
(1) work hard together with cadres and the masses, this is his major reason was widely beloved. To establish and consolidate the Republic, he has six family members sacrificed their lives. in the country's seventh victory of the revolution on the eve of the Second Plenary Session , Comrade Mao Zedong warned the party mood wary of pride, after entering the city must remain modest and the fine style of hard struggle. He is a launched the many people, but also with some few examples to illustrate his daily diet, it is the simple and frugal. Although there is reason in the criticism, but that is a small mistake. his royalties, in addition to the construction of personal swimming pool, but also for relatives and friends living in difficult financial aid and staff. when he was launching a campaign trip, not always. he building in some provinces, the primary responsibility in the local person in charge is not too extravagant. The problem is that of Late Generally speaking, relax their requirements of morality, its main performance is not in the earth, there has been a series of leaders, large-scale, very excessive, continuous praise, and even Mao's literary theory at the time held a certain objection to literary theorist Feng, in a famous poem in good faith Mao praised put almost god-like hero is. This gradual Mao's social and psychological impact of a consumer product. He's not used to from the beginning to slowly For his heroic inherent, Ling Xiuyu together. in the ; Long live Long live Long live Chairman Mao personal ideals, aspirations, hobbies, health, the more beneficial to the people, we can see, selfish leaders, and leaders of advocacy over the years and is propaganda, , born, there is self-survival and self-develop this Boyd said after the study child psychology: But the selfish and the public mind, after all, is different from the human conscience, the private sector must promote the public, at least not harm the public, and in the private and public contradiction, public and private must obey. as the leader of the people, should follow the lead of human The high moral standards, not to the so-called ()
(b) affectionate and ruthless
Mao is a rich people's emotional leader. In the long revolutionary war he witnessed his comrades, the soldiers fell sick or died in the blood and tears, and often fall painful tears. He made a mistake tolerance comrades often take in that their problems, but also unite them to work together. For example, seven on the CPC, he advocated the election of Wang Ming, Bo Gu and other man Central Committee even after the liberation of the Eighth Party Congress, Wang ...
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